The Department subsidises printing for all students although students have to cover part of the cost. Other costs include voluntary trips to conferences, usually within the United Kingdom. Sometimes, field trips are useful in order to carry out research. The University and many of its Colleges offer small bursaries for graduate students to give papers at conferences and go on field trips. Bursaries are awarded on a competitive basis and may not cover the full cost of the trip. Students are expected to purchase relevant books and other basic working materials (such as stationery).